动脉自旋标记技术的研究进展

动脉自旋标记(arterial spin labeling,ASL)作为一种非侵入性的磁共振功能成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,利用动脉血作为内源性示踪剂,避免患者不适和潜在危险来追踪由病变引起的血流变化,从而得到组织生理学及病理学信息。现就该技术的工作原理及分类、与其他技术的比较、临床应用和未来展望作一综述。     

保肛手术的理想愿望与现实

保肛手术已成为中低位直肠癌的首选术式,随着现代医学模式的转变和治疗手段的进步,要求外科医生不仅需要"保肛",还需要"保功能",但腹会阴联合切除术在部分患者中仍是客观必需的。在治疗过程中,需要医生综合考虑患者自身因素,结合手术技巧,个体化选择术式。只有不断完善治疗过程中各个环节的质量控制,建立规范化的手术标准,才能使得更多的患者能够获益。     

Carroll 双上肢功能评定和Peabody 运动发育量表-2 中精细动作在偏瘫型脑瘫患儿中的有效性研究

目的了解Carroll 双上肢功能测试量表是否能更好地反应脑瘫偏瘫患儿的精细运动情况。方法45 例脑瘫偏瘫症状的患儿由同两名评估者在1 周之内进行Peabody 运动发育量表-2(PMDS-2)与Carroll 双上肢功能测试。分析Carroll 双上肢功能评定分与PDMS-2 中精细运动分值的相关性,同时比较健手和患手的Carroll 双上肢功能评定分。结果Carroll 双上肢功能评定分与患手和健手PDMS-2 抓握原始分、视觉-整合原始分显著相关(P<0.001),与患手(r=0.022, P=0.888)和健手(r=0.165, P=0.278)精细运动发育商(FMQ)均不相关。所有患儿健手和患手Carroll 双上肢功能评定分有显著性差异(Z=4.475, P<0.001)。结论临床康复评定脑瘫偏瘫患儿使用Carroll 双上肢功能评定量表更有利于了解患儿精细动作情况,制订康复计划与康复目标。     

全膝关节置换术中下肢对线方式的研究进展

膝骨关节炎已成为当今老年人常见疾病之一,目前,对于终末期膝骨关节炎,行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是最为有效的治疗手段。在TKA中,下肢力线的有效恢复则是手术成功的关键因素之一,极大影响患者术后的临床效果及假体存活率。最早被提出、认可并被广泛应用于TKA的对线方式是机械对线。近年来,随着对下肢力线的深入研究及计算机技术的迅速发展,TKA对线技术实现了由“统一化”向“个性化”,二维向三维的转变,调整机械对线、解剖学对线、运动学对线、反向运动学对线、限制运动学对线及功能学对线等新的对线方式被相继提出,为外科医师提供了更多选择。但对于何种对线方式是最佳选择,目前尚未有定论。本文对目前TKA中各种对线方式的研究现状及优缺点进行总结阐述,旨在为临床上TKA中对线方式的选择提供一定参考。     

Dyconnmap: Dynamic connectome mapping—A neuroimaging python module

Despite recent progress in the analysis of neuroimaging data sets, our comprehension of the main mechanisms and principles which govern human brain cognition and function remains incomplete. Network neuroscience makes substantial efforts to manipulate these challenges and provide real answers. For the last decade, researchers have been modelling brain structure and function via a graph or network that comprises brain regions that are either anatomically connected via tracts or functionally via a more extensive repertoire of functional associations. Network neuroscience is a relatively new multidisciplinary scientific avenue of the study of complex systems by pursuing novel ways to analyze, map, store and model the essential elements and their interactions in complex neurobiological systems, particularly the human brain, the most complex system in nature. Due to a rapid expansion of neuroimaging data sets'' size and complexity, it is essential to propose and adopt new empirical tools to track dynamic patterns between neurons and brain areas and create comprehensive maps. In recent years, there is a rapid growth of scientific interest in moving functional neuroimaging analysis beyond simplified group or time‐averaged approaches and sophisticated algorithms that can capture the time‐varying properties of functional connectivity. We describe algorithms and network metrics that can capture the dynamic evolution of functional connectivity under this perspective. We adopt the word ‘chronnectome’ (integration of the Greek word ‘Chronos’, which means time, and connectome) to describe this specific branch of network neuroscience that explores how mutually informed brain activity correlates across time and brain space in a functional way. We also describe how good temporal mining of temporally evolved dynamic functional networks could give rise to the detection of specific brain states over which our brain evolved. This characteristic supports our complex human mind. The temporal evolution of these brain states and well‐known network metrics could give rise to new analytic trends. Functional brain networks could also increase the multi‐faced nature of the dynamic networks revealing complementary information. Finally, we describe a python module (https://github.com/makism/dyconnmap) which accompanies this article and contains a collection of dynamic complex network analytics and measures and demonstrates its great promise for the study of a healthy subject''s repeated fMRI scans.     

新兵功能性胃肠疾病发病情况与相关因素分析

 目的 探讨武警新兵功能性胃肠疾病(Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder,FGID)的个体和群体危险因素,致病原因,以及与生活、训练的相关关系,以便作出有针对性的宣传教育,并进行有效防治.方法 根据1999年Rome Ⅱ诊断标准,采用现场问卷调查和病例资料收集、整理、统计、分析相结合.结果 新训期间FGID发病率为24.43%,并发现两个发病高峰.多因素Logistic回归分析发现个体发生FGID的危险因素为喝饮料、心理素质差、运动疲劳、不良个人卫生饮食习惯、生活事件暗示、睡眠时间不足和膳食纤维素缺乏.结论 三个支队均存在对FGID的误诊问题.教育官兵养成良好的心理素质和个人卫生习惯,调整好劳动训练强度,是预防FGID发病的主要措施.     

非编码RNA——功能基因组研究的新热点

多年来,研究者们对人类基因组的关注主要集中在编码蛋白质的基因和蛋白质本身.随着人类基因组计划的完成和哺乳类转录组数据的不断积累,揭示出人类和其他高级真核生物的遗传物质只有极小一部分编码蛋白质[1],而超过97%的转录产物是功能多样的RNA分子,即非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)[2].     

中西药治疗功能性消化不良随机对照试验的系统评价

目的系统评价中草药与西药治疗功能性消化不良的疗效、安全性差异。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、OVID、SpringerLink、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）及CNKI数据库,检索年限均从建库至2008年12月。手工检索纳入研究的参考文献及相关杂志、会议论文集、学位论文汇编等。按Cochrane系统评价方法筛选试验、评价质量、提取资料,并用RevMan 4．2．8软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7个随机对照试验,981例患者,其中治疗组647例,对照组334例。纳入试验的方法学质量均较高（Jadad计分≥3分）,3个A级,2个B级,2个C级。Meta分析结果显示：①达立通颗粒与西沙必利比较,两组临床总有效率[RR=1．03,95％CI（0．97,1．09）,P=0．36]、痞满证疗效[RR=1．06,95％CI（0．96,1．18）,P=0．23]、胃排空疗效[RR=1．05,95％CI（0．76,1．45）,P=0．78]、中医证候积分[WMD=0．41,95％CI（-1．05,1．87）,P=0．58]、舌脉象变化[RR=1．00,95％CI（0．69,1．45）,P=0．98]及不良反应发生情况[RR=1．00,95％CI（0．69,1．45）,P=0．46]差异均无统计学意义;②胃舒安颗粒与西沙必利比较,两组临床总有效率[RR=1．02,95％CI（0．96,1．07）,P=0．53]、痞满证疗效[RR=1．06,95％CI（0．97,1．15）,P=0．19]、胃排空疗效[RR=1．05,95％CI（0．86,1．28）,P=0．63]、中医证候积分[WMD=0．70,95％CI（0．11,1．29）,P=0．02]及不良反应发生情况[RR=0．33,95％CI（0．02,5．28）,P=0．44]差异亦无统计学意义;⑧健脾益气方剂[RR=1．16,95％CI（1．00,1．34）,P=0．05]、理气复胃口服液[RR=1．00,95％CI（O．91,1．11）,P=0．94]和健脾消胀冲剂[RR=0．88,95％CI（0．76,1．00）,P=0．06]与莫沙必利比较,其临床总有效率差异均无统计学意义;④和胃消痞胶囊与吗丁啉比较,其临床总有效率[RR=1．11,95％CI（0．87,1．41）,P=0．42]、痞满证疗效[RR=I．07,95％CI（0．93,1．24）,P=0．35]的差异也无统计学意义。结论现有证据表明,中草药治疗功能性消化不良的疗效、安全性与西药组相当,各疗效指标无明显差异。由于纳入研究方法学质量不均,及各研究间诊断标准、评价方法、失访描述等方面存在的差异,上述结论尚需更多设计严格的高质量RCT研究加以证实。     

重建后柱棘上韧带复合体在胸腰椎骨折术后的临床康复功能评价

目的 探讨重建后柱棘上韧带复合体在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的疗效.方法 单一节段胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗中重建后柱棘上韧带复合体60例(A组),同期胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗行切除后柱棘上韧带复合体50例(B组),比较A、B组手术前、后下腰痛功能量表(FRS)评分和改良日本骨科学会(M-JOA)下腰痛评分.结果 手术前M-JOA下腰痛评分:A组平均23.83分(19～30分),B组平均21.68分(17～30分),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术后M-JOA下腰痛评分:A组平均9.05分(8～12分),B组平均11.95分(9～14分),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).手术前下腰痛FRS评分:A组平均28.85分,B组平均26.56分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);手术后FRS评分:A组平均68.22分(46～84分),B组平均46.87分(39～65分),两组比较差异有统计学意义P＜0.05).结论 胸腰椎骨折治疗中重建后柱棘上韧带复合体,有利于术后胸腰椎功能恢复和临床症状改善.     

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome （PI-IBS） is a common disorder wherein symptoms of IBS begin after an episode of acute gastroenteritis. Published studies have reported incidence of PI-IBS to range between 5% and 32%. The mechanisms underlying the development of PI-IBS are not fully understood, but are believed to include persistent sub-clinical inflammation, changes in intestinal permeability and alteration of gut flora. Individual studies have suggested that risk factors for PI-IBS include patients＇ demographics, psychological disorders and the severity of enteric illness. However, PI-IBS remains a diagnosis of exclusion with no specific disease markers and, to date, no definitive therapy exists. The prognosis of PI- IBS appears favorable with spontaneous and gradual resolution of symptoms in most patients.